This volume is an academic act of resistance against anti-gender mobilizations, taking inspiration from the latest book by Judith Butler, Who’s Afraid of Gender?. The first part of the volume, Gender and Ideology: Global and Local Trajectories of Anti-Gender Discourse, the authors expose the ideological undercurrent of anti-gender and gender-critical discourses. The texts in this section show that behind an ostensible depoliticization and invocations of “nature” or “culture” lies a conservative, right-wing ideology, and even networks of political and financial interests. The texts in second part, Gender and Gender Equality: Feminist Readings of Social Consensus and Conflict, thematize the status of gender and the struggle for equality in diverse and somewhat distinct social spheres. From the institutional framework of law, through the public sphere, but also language and the literary, educational and scientific discourse, as well as the narratives of healthcare and protection of women – the articles are an innovative contribution to today’s gender studies.