This text analyzes the position and potentials of substandard Roma settlements to be participants in a just energy transition and thereby reduce the risk of energy poverty. It thus seeks to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of substandard Roma settlements. Serbia is facing a new transition, which this time will be an energy transition, implying a transition from predominantly non-renewable sources to a system based on renewable energy. The experiences of the economic transition show that the number of “losers” in this transition was significantly higher than the number of those who profited from the economic transition. In order not to repeat such a situation with the energy transition, it is necessary to introduce fairness and social sensitivity in its implementation that would protect the poorest citizens: those at risk of energy poverty and potential “losers” of the energy transition. If realized in a timely manner and with social sensitivity, a fair energy transition could enable the transition to renewable energy sources and thereby reduce the effects of climate change, while improving the quality of life of all people, with an emphasis on those in the most marginalized positions.