The pandemic of the infectious disease COVID-19, which caused the biggest global crisis since the Second World War, put mankind before a great test of solidarity. The vaccine, as the most powerful weapon against this plague, was created thanks to the joint efforts of many scientists and health workers from all over the world. However, the issue of vaccination has led to a great polarization of people on all continents: those who see the vaccine as a way out of the crisis, and those for whom vaccination promotion is a deep encroachment on acquired human rights and freedoms, especially freedom of choice. The publication aims to provide guidelines for creating a more successful vaccination policy, based on a detailed analysis of respondents’ attitudes towards vaccination. With a high degree of confidence in the achievements of modern medicine and science, the authors attempt to penetrate the cognitive processes behind the negative attitude of respondents towards vaccination, formulated recommendations based on postulates of behavioral science, hoping that it will guide vaccination policymakers towards effective vaccination policies.